Lighting
• Reduce excessive illumination levels to standard levels using switching, delamping, etc.
• Aggressively control lighting with clock timers, delay timers and/or occupancy sensors.
• Install efficient alternatives to incandescent lighting, mercury vapor lighting, etc. Efficacy (lumens/watt) of various technologies range from best to worst approximately as follows: low pressure sodium, high pressure sodium, metal halide, fluorescent, mercury vapor, incandescent.
• Select ballasts and lamps carefully with high power factor and long-term efficiency in mind.
• Upgrade obsolete fluorescent systems to Compact fluorescents and electronic ballasts
• Consider daylighting, skylights, etc.
• Consider painting the walls a lighter color and using less lighting fixtures or lower wattages.
• Use task lighting and reduce background illumination.
• Re-evaluate exterior lighting strategy, type, and control. Control it aggressively.
• Change exit signs from incandescent to LED.
DG sets
• Optimise loading
• Use waste heat to generate steam/hot water /power an absorption chiller or preheat process or utility feeds.
• Use jacket and head cooling water for process needs
• Clean air filters regularly
• Insulate exhaust pipes to reduce DG set room temperatures
• Use cheaper heavy fuel oil for capacities more than 1MW
Buildings
• Seal exterior cracks/openings/gaps with caulk, gasketing, weatherstripping, etc.
• Consider new thermal doors, thermal windows, roofing insulation, etc.
• Install windbreaks near exterior doors.
• Replace single-pane glass with insulating glass.
• Consider covering some window and skylight areas with insulated wall panels inside the building.
• If visibility is not required but light is required, consider replacing exterior windows with insulated glass block.
• Consider tinted glass, reflective glass, coatings, overhangs, draperies, blinds, and shades for sunlit exterior windows.
• Use landscaping to advantage.
• Add vestibules or revolving doors to primary exterior personnel doors.
• Consider automatic doors, air curtains, strip doors, etc. at high-traffic passages between conditioned and non – conditioned spaces. Use self-closing doors if possible.
• Use intermediate doors in stairways and vertical passages to minimize building stack effect.
• Use dock seals at shipping and receiving doors.
• Bring cleaning personnel in during the working day or as soon after as possible to minimize lighting and HVAC costs.
Water & Wastewater
• Recycle water, particularly for uses with less-critical quality requirements.
• Recycle water, especially if sewer costs are based on water consumption.
• Balance closed systems to minimize flows and reduce pump power requirements.
• Eliminate once-through cooling with water.
• Use the least expensive type of water that will satisfy the requirement.
• Fix water leaks.
• Test for underground water leaks. (It's easy to do over a holiday shutdown.)
• Check water overflow pipes for proper operating level.
• Automate blowdown to minimize it.
• Provide proper tools for wash down — especially self-closing nozzles.
• Install efficient irrigation.
• Reduce flows at water sampling stations.
• Eliminate continuous overflow at water tanks.
• Promptly repair leaking toilets and faucets.
• Use water restrictors on faucets, showers, etc.
• Use self-closing type faucets in restrooms.
• Use the lowest possible hot water temperature.
• Do not use a central heating system hot water boiler to provide service hot water during the cooling season — install a smaller, more-efficient system for the cooling season service hot water.
• Consider the installation of a thermal solar system for warm water.
• If water must be heated electrically, consider accumulation in a large insulated storage tank to minimize heating at on-peak electric rates.
• Use multiple, distributed, small water heaters to minimize thermal losses in large piping systems.
• Use freeze protection valves rather than manual bleeding of lines.
• Consider leased and mobile water treatment systems, especially for deionized water.
• Seal sumps to prevent seepage inward from necessitating extra sump pump operation.
• Install pretreatment to reduce TOC and BOD surcharges.
• Verify the water meter readings.
• Verify the sewer flows if the sewer bills are based on them Miscellaneous
• Meter any unmetered utilities. Know what is normal efficient use. Track down causes of deviations.
• Shut down spare, idling, or unneeded equipment.
• Make sure that all of the utilities to redundant areas are turned off
• Install automatic control to efficiently coordinate multiple air compressors, chillers, cooling tower cells, boilers, etc.
• Renegotiate utilities contracts to reflect current loads and variations.
• Consider buying utilities from neighbors, particularly to handle peaks.
• Leased space often has low-bid inefficient equipment. Consider upgrades if your lease will continue for several more years.
• Adjust fluid temperatures within acceptable limits to minimize undesirable heat transfer in long pipelines.
• Minimize use of flow bypasses and minimize bypass flow rates.
• Provide restriction orifices in purges (nitrogen, steam, etc.).
• Eliminate unnecessary flow measurement orifices.
• Consider alternatives to high pressure drops across valves.
Courtesy : Bureau of Energy Efficiency
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